What question did this study set out to answer?

This study explores how the structure of blade surfaces affects mechanical performance and tool differentiation during the pre-Qin period.

May 8, 2026Open Access

A Study of the Influence of Blade Surface Structure on the Mechanics and Functional Differentiation of Pre-Qin Production Tools

Key Points

This study explores how the structure of blade surfaces affects mechanical performance and tool differentiation during the pre-Qin period.
Conducted mechanical analysis of cutting edges from pre-Qin blades.
Performed cutting simulation experiments to assess force characteristics.
Evaluated friction effects and analyzed destruction mechanisms while cutting into wood.
The double-sided center blade exhibited greater horizontal force components compared to the single-sided blade.
The single-sided blade displayed uneven horizontal components, enhancing internal cutting movements.
Findings indicate the scientific basis of ancient blade designs, which continue to influence modern tools.

Abstract

Through the mechanical analysis of the different cutting edges of blades from the pre Qin period, it was found that the force characteristics of the double-sided center blade and the single-sided blade were different, providing the basis for the division of tools. Cutting simulation experiments of tools not only verified that the horizontal component of the double-sided center blade was larger, but also found that the horizontal component of the single-sided blade was uneven, intensifying the internal cutting movement of the single-sided blade. In addition, the blocking effect of friction is evaluated, and the destruction mechanism of the tool cutting into wood is discussed. Combined with the mechanical analysis and the comparison of ancient and modern cutting tools, it is revealed that China has had different blade designs since ancient times, and that these design concepts are still in use to this day, demonstrating the scientificity and rationality of the blade designs of the ancients. Throughout the history of tools, the laws of blade mechanics that people have used since the stone age are still widely used in modern society.

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Cite This Study

Zhang et al. (Mon,) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69fd7ddcbfa21ec5bbf061c7 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3724/shns.2025.03.002

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