Alzheimer's Disease: Advances in Early Diagnosis and Emerging Therapeutics

Alzheimer's disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and eventual loss of independent function. It is the leading cause of dementia globally, posing a significant social, economic, and medical burden. Recent scientific breakthroughs have shifted the focus from symptomatic treatment to early diagnosis and disease-modifying interventions. This review explores the molecular pathogenesis of AD, advances in early diagnostic techniques including novel biomarkers and neuroimaging, and emerging therapeutics ranging from monoclonal antibodies to gene therapy and lifestyle interventions. By integrating early detection strategies with emerging therapeutics, we move closer to intercepting AD at its earliest and most manageable stage.