Clinical efficacy of single intra-articular platelet-rich plasma injections in mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis: a prospective study

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that significantly impacts mobility and quality of life, particularly in older adults. Conventional treatments often provide limited relief, leading to interest in regenerative therapies like platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections. This study aims to evaluate the clinical effects of a single intra-articular PRP injection in patients with mild to moderate knee OA. Methods: A prospective, randomized study was conducted with 56 patients aged 40 to 70 years diagnosed with primary knee OA (Kellgren-Lawrence grades 1 and 2). Participants were treated with a single intra-articular PRP injection, prepared using the double-spin technique. Pain intensity was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and functional status was evaluated with the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) at baseline, and follow-up assessments were performed at 1 week, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks, and 6 months post-injection. Results: Significant improvements in both pain and function were observed. The mean VAS score decreased from 7 at baseline to 4 at 12 weeks, and to 3 at 6 months. The mean WOMAC score improved from 53 at baseline to 30 at 12 weeks, and 24 at 6 months. These changes were statistically significant (p <0.05). No major adverse events were reported during the study period. Conclusion: A single intra-articular PRP injection significantly reduces pain and improves function in patients with mild to moderate knee OA. PRP therapy is a promising treatment option for managing knee OA, offering an alternative to more invasive procedures. Further studies are needed to explore the long-term effects and optimal treatment protocols.