Riding the Edge: How Professional and Amateur Cyclists Experience and Interpret the Limits of Performance

Cycling often demands reaching physical and mental limits, a phenomenon traditionally studied from a physiological perspective. However, the subjective experience of this process has received less attention. This qualitative study explores how cyclists perceive, interpret, and respond as they approach their limits during high-intensity efforts, aiming to understand this phenomenon beyond purely physiological explanations. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 cyclists (15 men, 15 women) across professional, competitive, and recreational levels, focusing on their experiences during moments of high intensity. The results revealed that mental strength and the capacity to endure discomfort are crucial, though they fluctuate depending on the context. Feedback (both verbal and technological) plays a significant role, with sensations being prioritized over data in competitive settings. Time perception varies, passing more quickly in races than in training. Cyclists employ a range of psychological strategies, which they consider trainable, though only professional cyclists report having developed them in a structured way. Motivation is a key factor, although its nature differs by performance level. Physical sensations such as muscle pain and labored breathing are common during high-intensity efforts, and cyclists identify weakness in rivals through facial expressions, breathing patterns, and body movements. Ultimately, the decision to stop is perceived as a complex interaction between body and mind. These findings highlight the importance of individualized psychological preparation to optimize athletic performance.