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July 30, 2025Open Access

SDG 11 and NPP Thrust 2 in Focus: A Decade of LULC Change on Penang Island, Malaysia Using SPOT 6 & SPOT 7 Satellite Imagery

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Authors

NYNur Faziera YaakubMIMohd Hasmadi IsmailAZAzita Ahmad Zawawi

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Overview

Analysis reveals urbanization paradox in land use changes on Penang Island, indicating shifts in built-up areas and supporting sustainable urban development.

Key Points

  • MAIN FINDING: A decade of LULC changes on Penang Island shows a decrease in built-up areas by 4.53 km² while forest cover increased by 10.32 km².
  • KEY EVIDENCE: The study achieved classification accuracies of 94.2% in 2023 using SPOT 6 and SPOT 7 satellite imagery, utilizing Support Vector Machines for analysis.
  • APPROACH: Data preprocessing and classification involved five LULC classes, with measurements taken at a high spatial resolution of 1.5 m.
  • SIGNIFICANCE: Findings challenge traditional views on urban growth, aligning with SDG 11's goals of sustainable urban development and inviting further investigation.

Cite This Study

Yaakub et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/689a0945e6551bb0af8cf082https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202507.2158.v1
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Also Consider

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