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July 30, 2026LandOpen Access

Sustainable Development Goal 11 and National Physical Plan Thrust 2 in Focus: Studying a Decade of Land Use and Land Cover Change in Penang Island, Malaysia, Using SPOT 6 and SPOT 7 Satellite Imagery

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Authors

NYNur Faziera YaakubMIMohd Hasmadi IsmailAZAzita Ahmad Zawawi

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Overview

Quantitative study analyzes land use changes in Penang Island, indicating unusual urbanization patterns.

Key Points

  • This study quantifies land use and land cover changes in Penang Island from 2014 to 2023.
  • Utilized SPOT 6 and SPOT 7 satellite imagery with 1.5 m spatial resolution.
  • Classified five LULC classes: built-up, forest, water bodies, agriculture and horticulture, barren land.
  • Applied Support Vector Machine classifier achieving high accuracy rates.
  • Built-up area decreased by 4.53 km2, while forest expanded by 10.32 km2.
  • Water bodies grew by 0.26 km2 and agriculture and horticulture increased by 8.47 km2.
  • Barren land declined by 11.84 km2, challenging conventional urban growth narratives.

Cite This Study

Yaakub et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a6af51160e2b924d3ea0a72https://doi.org/10.3390/land15081355
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1SDG 11 and NPP Thrust 2 in Focus: A Decade of LULC Change on Penang Island, Malaysia Using SPOT 6 & SPOT 7 Satellite Imagery2025 · 1 citations
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  5. 5Spatiotemporal analysis and prediction of land use and land cover change in a rapidly urbanizing coastal region of India2026 · 1 citations