Bioactivities and Phytochemical Potential of Vatica diospyroides Flower Extracts

Abstract This study investigates the phytochemical composition and bioactivities of Vatica diospyroides flower extracts, emphasizing their potential applications in natural product development. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, and terpenoids, with ethanol extracts showing the highest yield of bioactive compounds. The antioxidant activity of the ethanol bud extract was exceptional, with an IC50 value of 1.16×10⁻⁹ mg/mL, surpassing many reported plant-based antioxidants. Anti-inflammatory effects were demonstrated by 70% nitric oxide inhibition in LPS-stimulated macrophages at 2.5 mg/mL, highlighting its potential for managing skin inflammation. Tyrosinase inhibition assays indicated 90% inhibition at 2.5 mg/mL, comparable to kojic acid, suggesting its suitability as a natural depigmenting agent. Antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes was dose-dependent, with significant inhibition at higher concentrations. In wound healing assays, the ethanol bud extract promoted fibroblast migration, achieving a 46.7% closure rate at 48 h, closely mirroring the effects of Vitamin C. These findings support the use of V. diospyroides flower extracts as multifunctional natural ingredients in cosmetic formulations. Future studies should focus on optimizing extraction techniques, assessing stability in formulations, and validating efficacy through clinical trials to advance their integration into sustainable and eco-friendly skincare products.