Association of Deficiency in Vitamin D, Vitamin E, and Selenium Levels With Premature Ovarian Insufficiency: A Systematic Review

Background Regular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential for regulating the growth and activity of ovarian follicles, very high levels can lead to accelerated oxidative stress, which in turn causes premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and reproductive dysfunction. Objectives This systematic review aimed to assess the impact of supplementing with vitamins D, E, and selenium on specific markers related to ovarian reserve. Methods Electronic websites, including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, Cochrane, SAGE, Springer, and Google Scholar were searched for published studies from March 2012 to December 2024. Of the 2067 references identified in the initial search, in total, ten observational studies, one randomized control trial (RCT), and one quasi‐experimental study that assessed the association between antioxidant vitamins (D, E, SE) and POI were included in this systematic review. Results A total of 521 women were included in all studies. All studies showed an overall association between serum levels of vitamins D, E, and selenium (SE) on POI and ovarian reserve markers. However, not all studies found this association. Conclusion This review showed that a lack of vitamin D, E, and SE may affect POI. Supplementation can elevate AMH levels while simultaneously reducing FSH hormone. Given the increasing trend of POI, these findings could be promising and act as a preventive or curative approach for POI, if documented in further studies.