This review shows that defective ground structures enhance antenna performance, suggesting geometry adjustments improve gain and bandwidth.
This paper presents a detailed analysis of the impact of Defected Ground Structures (DGS) on the performance of microstrip patch antennas. Microstrip patch antenna is a hot topic of research for antenna design engineers. While microstrip patch antennas offer numerous advantages in terms of its small size, low cost, low profile and their ease of fabrication, their inherent limitations in gain, bandwidth, and power handling make them less suitable for some high-performance or broadband applications. DGS is a defect created intentionally to improve the performance of the antenna. Each DGS configuration exhibits distinct characteristics, with its geometry and dimensions significantly influencing the overall performance of the antenna.
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Sakle et al. (2025) studied this question.
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