Design and Synthesis of 3-Amino-4-azidoethoxyfurazan: A Supramolecular Energetic Material with Insensitivity Properties

High-performance insensitive energetic materials have long been a central focus of energetic materials research. To effectively balance high energy density and insensitivity, a structure-based screening was performed using the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre database. Consequently, a strategy enhancing the stability of energetic compounds through supramolecular assembly based on self-complementary hydrogen bonding was developed. Guided by this approach, a novel energetic compound, 3-amino-4-azidoethoxyfurazan (AAeF), was designed and synthesized successfully. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the formation of two pairs of self-complementary hydrogen bonds within AAeF, which adopt a zigzag arrangement, resulting in a supramolecular structure characterized by rigid "plate-like" and flexible "chain-like" configurations. This structure, containing the "Fz–NH2–N3" moiety, efficiently absorbs external impacts and enhances the stability of energetic groups via hydrogen bond-mediated electron transfer, resulting in exceptional insensitivity characteristics for AAeF (IS > 90 J). These results highlight that supramolecular assembly driven by self-complementary hydrogen bonding is an effective strategy for improving the safety of energetic materials, particularly for applications in high-safety melt-cast explosives.