Hospital-Acquired Pressure Injuries (HAPI): A Quality Indicator from Risk to Recovery

Background: Hospital-acquired pressure injuries (HAPIs) remain a preventable yet persistent concern in hospitalized patients, especially those who are critically ill or immobile. These injuries serve as indicators of care quality and significantly impact patient outcomes and healthcare resources. ^1 Purpose: To review evidence-based nursing strategies for the assessment, prevention, and management of HAPIs, with clinical emphasis on current guidelines. Methods: This narrative review synthesized literature and clinical guidelines, including EPUAP/NPIAP/PPPIA (2019) ^2 and Wound Healing Society (2023) ^3 recommendations. Two clinical case scenarios were included to illustrate practical application in diverse patient populations. Findings: Key prevention strategies include timely risk assessment using the Braden Scale, repositioning protocols, nutritional support, and advanced support surfaces. Management requires comprehensive wound care, including appropriate dressing selection, infection control, and debridement techniques. Emerging technologies such as vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) therapy and adjunctive therapies are also noted. Barriers include resource constraints and staff training gaps. ^4,5 Implications for Practice: Integrating evidence-based risk assessment and wound care into daily nursing practice is essential. Continuous education, documentation, and interdisciplinary collaboration enhance prevention efforts and reduce pressure injury incidence.