August 11, 2025

Crowding Out Effects of Opt-out Defaults: Evidence from Organ Donation Policies

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Analysis reveals that opt-out defaults may lower living donations while boosting deceased donors, revealing crowding out implications.

Adopting opt-out policies reduces living donations by 4.59 people per million population, indicating crowding out effects.
Epidemiological data analysis from countries with opt-out defaults showed a non-significant increase in deceased donor rates of +1.21 per million.
The research bases findings on data collected from 2000 to 2023, highlighting the unintended consequences of default nudges.
Understanding these implications is critical to shaping future organ donation policies and encouraging behavioral change.

Güntürkün et al. (2025) studied this question.

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