Optimization of solid waste valorization in Algeria: Challenges and sustainable solutions

This study assesses solid waste management in Algeria, highlighting challenges related to production, management, and recovery. The objective is to identify system deficiencies and propose sustainable solutions to reduce environmental and health impacts. A mixed approach was adopted, combining official data, field surveys, and academic research. The results show fluctuating waste production trends. Between 1994 and 2016, waste volume tripled, reaching 12 million tons per year due to population growth and improved living conditions. However, the post-COVID-19 period (2019-2023) recorded a decline in household waste due to behavioral changes. At the same time, plastic waste has increased, although organic waste remains predominant. Major cities such as Algiers and Oran generate the most waste, while rural areas suffer from insufficient collection services. Despite improvements in urban waste collection coverage, 82% of waste is still disposed of in overcrowded landfill centers or illegal dumps, with recycling efforts remaining marginal despite initiatives like PROGDEM and Eco-Jem. Modernizing infrastructure, improving selective waste sorting, and strengthening recycling efforts are necessary. Integrating circular economy principles and adopting advanced technologies, such as composting and optimized recycling, are essential for sustainable waste management in Algeria.