APOE Genotype Distribution in a Mexican Population: A Comparative Study and Its Implications for Alzheimer’s and Cardiovascular Disease

The apolipoprotein E ( APOE ) ε4 allele is a major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease and cardio- vascular risk. This study analyzes the distribution of APOE alleles in 143 patients from a Mexican population based in Mexico City. The ε3 allele was the most prevalent (82.9%), followed by ε4 (12.5%) and ε2 (4.5%). Notably, the APOE 3/4 genotype, associated with increased risk for Alzheimer’s and cardiovascular disease, was observed in 21.0% of the cohort, while the APOE 4/4 genotype, representing the highest genetic risk for both conditions, was rare (2.1%). The APOE 2/2 genotype, linked to type III dysbetalipoproteinemia, was absent in this population. These findings align with global trends but highlight unique aspects of the Mexican population, such as the lower prevalence of APOE 4 compared with Northern European and African populations. This study underscores the importance of population-specific genetic screening for personalized medicine, particularly in managing Alzheimer’s and cardiovascular risks. The results provide valuable insights into the genetic landscape of APOE in Mexico City, contributing to the growing body of knowledge on APOE allele distribution and its implications for disease prevention and management in Latin America.