Regional variation of menstruation hygiene among young scheduled caste women in India

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study is to examine regional disparities in menstrual hygiene practices among young Scheduled Caste (SC) women in India. It aims to highlight the socio-economic and cultural barriers they face, particularly in the eastern region, and to inform targeted public health interventions that promote equitable access to menstrual hygiene practices and support broader gender and health goals. Methodology: The study employs the comparative analysis of the National Family Health Survey-5 data, focusing on SC women from different states to understand variations in menstrual hygiene practices in India. Main Findings: The results show stark contrasts across regions, with the Southern region of India reporting higher adherence to proper menstrual hygiene practices due to better access to education, healthcare services, and government outreach programs. In contrast, the eastern region, particularly West Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha, has the lowest adherence to menstrual hygiene practices in India. Applications of the study: Targeted public health interventions and policies are needed to address menstrual hygiene, including education programs to raise awareness and break societal taboos. Expanding access to affordable menstrual products in schools, healthcare centres, and public distribution systems can bridge the gap and contribute to India's goals under SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being) and SDG 5 (Gender Equality), contributing to the dignity and health of all women by 2030. Novelty/Originality of the study: This study is unique because it focuses on how menstrual hygiene practices differ across regions among young Scheduled Caste (SC) women in India—a group often ignored in national studies. It shows the unequal conditions between regions, especially in the eastern states, and connects caste, location, and menstrual health to help create better health program.