This review demonstrates improved diagnosis and targeted treatment for angina pectoris in patients with nonobstructive coronary arteries, indicating the importance of endotyping and functional testing.
Patients with chest pain are frequently diagnosed with angina pectoris with nonobstructive coronary arteries (ANOCA). The pathophysiology mainly involves the following mechanisms: structural or functional impairment of the microcirculation, functional impairment of the epicardial arteries, or a combination of both. This review describes the diagnosis of ANOCA, focusing on comprehensive coronary functional testing, resulting in more accurate endotyping and subsequent targeted treatment. It also determines the theoretical basis and practical aspects with graphic examples of the examination.
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Gašpárková et al. (2025) studied this question.
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