Why the study?
Diagnosing ANOCA is challenging, often delayed, and frequently requires invasive coronary angiography, but recent non-invasive imaging advancements allow diagnosis through combined anatomical and functional assessment.
This narrative review highlights the potential of a multimodal non-invasive imaging approach to diagnose ANOCA and guide tailored treatments, potentially reducing the need for invasive coronary angiography.
Advances in noninvasive imaging may expedite ANOCA diagnosis; leaves open standardized protocols and outcome validation.
Due to its significant prevalence and clinical implications, angina with non-obstructive coronary arteries (ANOCA) has become a major focus in modern cardiology. In fact, diagnosing ANOCA presents a significant challenge. The final diagnosis is often difficult, delayed, and frequently necessitates an invasive assessment through coronary angiography. However, recent improvements in non-invasive cardiac imaging allow a diagnosis of ANOCA using a combination of clinical evaluation, anatomical coronary imaging, and functional testing. This narrative review aims to critically assess various non-invasive diagnostic methods and propose a multimodal approach to diagnose ANOCA and tailor appropriate treatments.
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Bergamaschi et al. (2025) studied this question.
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