Simulation-Based Training in Aortic Aneurysm Surgery: Toward a New Educational Standard

Simulation-based training is transforming the education of vascular surgeons in the management of aortic aneurysms (AAs), addressing limitations in traditional apprenticeship models amid declining open surgical volumes and increasing reliance on complex endovascular techniques. This review explores the current landscape of simulation technologies, including computational modeling, fluid-structure interaction, patient-specific 3D printing, artificial intelligence, and robotic platforms. These tools enable high-fidelity, anatomically accurate, and physiologically realistic training environments. Validated simulations enhance surgical decision-making, device deployment strategies, and complication management without risk to patients. Despite barriers such as cost, variability in implementation, and limited outcome data, simulation holds promise as an essential component of future vascular surgery curricula. By combining technical innovation with personalized, data-driven training, simulation is poised to redefine competency development and improve surgical safety and efficacy.