The integration of artificial intelligence in higher education institutions’ workforce: a literature review

Artificial Intelligence (AI) integration has become increasingly prevalent in various industries, transforming business processes and creating new opportunities. As AI continues to shape the future of work, organisations such as Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) must scrutinize their readiness to develop a workforce competent in AI. AI competencies are fundamental to successfully enacting and integrating these technologies. As a result, several organisations have invested in workforce readiness, albeit these efforts are affected by several actors and determinants. Consequently, organisations must examine the workforce readiness for AI integration as a technology of the future. This paper aims to explore the integration of AI in organisations such as HEIs to ascertain workforce readiness. Addressing three pivotal research questions, it delves into the extent to which the workforce in HEIs is developed and competent in AI, the contributing factors shaping the integration of AI into HEIs’ workforce, and the overall readiness of HEIs in fostering workforce development within the realm of AI. Employing a systematic content analysis review, the study provides pragmatic findings, serving as a reference point to elevate workforce readiness and pinpoint critical determinants. The study identified factors contributing to AI competency development that serve as valuable insights for other institutions aiming to design and implement effective workforce development programs in AI. Also, the findings provide significant implications for institutions seeking to enhance their workforce's competency in AI.