Sustainable Synthesis of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles via Manilkara Zapota Extract for Advanced Wastewater Treatment

Using leaf extract from Manilkara zapota, biogenic nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO-NPs) were successfully produced and their photocatalytic effectiveness in breaking down Congo red dye was assessed. An eco-friendly, economical and sustainable substitute for traditional chemical processes is offered by this green synthesis technique. The structural, morphological and optical characteristics of the produced NiO-NPs were confirmed by means of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis spectroscopy, High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). NiO-NPs demonstrated strong photocatalytic activity when exposed to sunlight and important factors including catalyst dosage and dye concentration affected the rate of degradation. The degradation mechanism and ideal circumstances for maximum Congo red decolorization were determined, exposing the function of NiO-NPs in promoting redox reactions. Furthermore, by lowering pH, electrical conductivity, chemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, phosphates and sulfates, NiO-NPs successfully enhanced wastewater quality. These results highlight the potential of biogenic NiO-NPs as an effective and environmentally benign remedy for environmental cleanup and azo dye degradation, supporting long-term pollution management plans.