Therapeutic approach to triple negative breast cancer in pregnant woman: case report

Pregnancy-associated breast cancer includes tumors that occur during pregnancy, lactation, or within one year postpartum. It is a rare clinical condition, with an incidence ranging from 1:3,000 to 1:10,000 pregnancies. Therapeutic strategies take into account factors such as tumor staging, patient characteristics, and gestational age. Radical mastectomy was the main surgical intervention in triple-negative breast cancer. Currently, studies suggest that mastectomy should not be mandatory for the treatment of breast cancer solely due to the presence of pregnancy, and breast conservation is discussed whenever possible. Despite the aggressive biology of the triple-negative subtype, approximately 40% of patients have tumors that are highly sensitive to chemotherapy, achieving a complete pathological response. The objective of this study was to report a clinical case of breast cancer in a young pregnant patient, describing the clinical presentation, histological characteristics, as well as the diagnostic methods and therapeutic measures adopted, with the aim of contributing didactically to the academic community, offering theoretical support for the improvement of clinical practice in the management of triple-negative breast cancer during and after the gestational period.