Management of Early-stage Triple-negative Breast Cancer during Pregnancy in the Immunotherapy Era: A Case Report and Review of Treatment Considerations

Breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy presents unique clinical challenges, particularly in the era of immunotherapy, which has become standard of care for early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in nonpregnant patients. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors are contraindicated during pregnancy due to limited safety data and potential fetal risk. We report the case of a pregnant young woman diagnosed with stage II TNBC who was successfully treated with anthracycline-and taxane-based chemotherapy without immunotherapy during pregnancy. Multidisciplinary coordination allowed continuation of curative-intent therapy while prioritizing fetal safety. This case highlights real-world deviations from guideline-based therapy necessitated by pregnancy, emphasizes multidisciplinary decision-making, and reviews considerations regarding postpartum management and breastfeeding.