Kinetic study and in vitro drug release studies of curcumin‐loaded poly(lactic acid)‐based composite microspheres

Polymeric microspheres are widely explored for addressing the limitations of conventional drug delivery by enabling controlled release profiles. However, many synthetic polymers exhibit limited bioactivity, and achieving sustained and well‐regulated drug release remains challenging. Incorporating ceramic components into these systems offers a promising approach to enhance both biological performance and release behavior. In this context, the aim of this study was to fabricate different composite microspheres capable of releasing drugs with optimal pharmacokinetics, ensuring effective plasma levels while avoiding toxicity. Composite microspheres made of poly(lactic acid), hydroxyapatite and calcium sulfate, with or without curcumin, were fabricated using the double emulsion solvent evaporation method. In this process, curcumin was incorporated through both encapsulation and adsorption. The composite microspheres were characterized to assess their morphology, elemental composition, size distribution, functional groups and fluorescence properties. Subsequently, their drug release behavior, release kinetics and cytotoxicity were evaluated to investigate the release mechanism and biological response.