Triglyceride-Glucose Index: A Potential Surrogate for Insulin Resistance in Predicting the Risk of Diabetic Nephropathy

This study was performed to explore how the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is related to insulin resistance, as measured by HOMA-IR, in patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It also examined how the TyG index is linked to UACR, a marker often used to detect early signs of diabetic nephropathy. Study Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Study Duration: This study was conducted at Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences for Women Shaheed Benazirabad Nawabshah Hospital from March 2024 to March 2025 Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was carried out over a one-year. The study included adult patients with a recent diagnosis of T2DM. Data collected encompassed demographics (age, gender), clinical details (BMI, vitals, duration of diabetes), and key biochemical measurements: HOMA-IR, serum creatinine, TyG index, lipid profile, fasting plasma glucose, spot UACR, and fasting insulin. There were 4 quartiles in which the participants were categorized based on their TyG index scores; Quartile 1 (4.5 to 5), quartile 2 ( 5.1 to 5.5), quartile 3 (5.6 to 6), and quartile 4 (Above 6)