Clinical Characteristics and In-hospital Mortality of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease: Insights from the JROAD-DPC Registry

Background Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients are at high risk for developing cardiovascular (CV) diseases due to adverse effects of BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Objectives The purpose of this study was to compare patient characteristics and in-hospital mortality between CML patients and non-CML patients, who were hospitalized for ischemic heart disease (IHD). Methods This study was based on the Japanese Registry of All Cardiac and Vascular Diseases and the Diagnosis Procedure Combination (JROAD-DPC) database. All patients who were first hospitalized for IHD and received percutaneous coronary intervention from April 2012 to March 2021 were extracted. Propensity score matching was used to reduce confounding effects related to differences in patient background. Results A total of 766,385 patients, in which 371 CML patients were included, were analyzed. CML patients were more likely to be male and less likely to have obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. The number of modifiable CV risk factors (obesity, smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus) in CML patients was smaller than in non-CML patients. There was no difference in in-hospital mortality, whether considering all cases or only acute myocardial infarction cases. This was also statistically nonsignificant after propensity score matching. Conclusions CML patients were hospitalized for IHD with fewer CV risk factors than non-CML patients, and in-hospital mortality was comparable between CML and non-CML patients. These findings emphasize the need of more stringent management of modifiable CV risk factors for CML patients.