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Synthesis of titanium nitride-coated titanium dioxide nanotubes improves cytocompatibility in human gingival fibroblasts, suggesting potential for implant integration.
Titanium nitride (TiN) coatings substantially enhance substrate biocompatibility and promote cellular functions. In this study, TiN coating was deposited on the surfaces of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes via atomic layer deposition to fabricate TiN-TiO2 nanotube composites and investigate their cytocompatibility with human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). The surface morphology, roughness, wettability, chemical composition, binding strength, and surface hardness of the TiN-TiO2 nanotubes were characterised. Protein adsorption and elution properties were assessed. The effect of TiN-TiO2 nanotubes on HGF cellular functions was systematically investigated. Nanotube morphology was well preserved after TiN coating. Compared with TiO2 nanotubes, TiN-TiO2 nanotubes exhibited a smaller nanotube diameter, reduced hydrophilicity, increased surface roughness, enhanced binding strength and hardness, and improved protein adsorption capacity and sustained-release performance. They significantly enhanced the survival, proliferation, and adhesion capabilities of HGFs while upregulating the expression levels of relevant proteins and genes. Our results reveal that TiN-TiO2 nanotubes exhibit superior cytocompatibility and significantly promote HGF cellular functions. This indicates that TiN-TiO2 nanotubes have considerable potential for improving the integration of implant abutments with gingival fibroblasts and for enhancing the soft tissue seal.
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Cui et al. (2025) studied this question.
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