Optical waveguide fabrication in tellurium dioxide single crystal by carbon ions irradiation

We report the fabrication of a planar optical waveguide structure in tellurium dioxide single crystal substrate by C ion irradiation at room temperature. The guiding modes of the planar waveguide were measured by the prism-coupling method at wavelength of 632.8 nm. The near-field intensity distributions of the waveguide modes in the visible (632.8 nm) were obtained by the end-face coupling method. The results of this study reveal that the visible light can be well-confined in the optical waveguide structure. To observe the disorder of tellurium dioxide crystal after ions irradiation, the confocal Raman spectra were recorded on the end face in the substrate regions and in the irradiated regions.