Case Studies of Disaster Relief Fund by Disaster Type : Focusing on Natural Disaster and Social Disaster

It is impossible to predict and prepare for all disasters due to the uncertainty that accompanies them. Therefore, this study aims to draw implications for designing an effective disaster relief fund according to the type of disaster. It analyzes past natural and social disasters in other countries using relief funds. To this end, this study conducted a comparative analysis of the disaster assistance payment system, focusing on the support entity, scale of support, target for support, type of support, and delivery method. The analysis shows that the public sector, especially central governments, primarily provides support for both natural and social disasters. Natural disasters usually cause more widespread damage, leading to more significant assistance than social disasters. Unlike natural disasters, where aid is limited to affected residents, support for social disasters can cover a broader population based on the extent of damage. Finally, cash-based assistance is the fundamental policy in all disaster cases regarding the delivery system. However, in-kind assistance was also provided to a considerable extent in natural disasters requiring relative urgency.