A Tri-Level Distributionally Robust Defender–Attacker–Defender Model for Grid Resilience Enhancement Under Repair Time Uncertainty

Extreme damage poses a serious challenge to the safe operation of power grids. Optimizing the allocation of defense resources to improve the grid’s disaster resistance capabilities is the main concern of the power system. In this paper, a distributed robust optimal defense resource allocation method based on the defender–attacker–defender model is proposed to improve the disaster resilience of power grids. This method takes into account the uncertainty of restoration time due to different damage intensities and improves the efficiency of restoration resource scheduling in the restoration process. Meanwhile, a set covering-column and constraint generation (SC-C&CG) algorithm is proposed for the case that the mixed integer model does not satisfy the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) condition. A case study based on the IEEE 24-bus system is conducted, and the results verify that the proposed method can minimize the system dumping load under the uncertainty of the maintenance time involved.