Closing the Learning Analytics Loop through Explanatory Dashboard Design

Abstract This study contributes to the growing body of research on Human-Centred Learning Analytics (HCLA) by exploring how to close the feedback loop between performance and reflection in simulation-based professional learning. Specifically, we investigate how student-facing learning analytics dashboards (LADs) can be designed to support sensemaking through contextualized data presentation, and what kinds of feedback and narrative elements enhance students’ reflective engagement with LADs. Using user-centred design methods and Educational Data Storytelling (EDS), we developed a prototype that integrates HCLA principles with narrative feedback aligned with the educational organization of simulation-based training. The findings demonstrate how explanatory, student-facing dashboards can scaffold interpretation and promote reflection in simulation-based training. The study highlights the importance of moving beyond descriptive analytics toward explanatory designs that actively support student engagement. Future work should involve iterative testing with students and explore how such dashboards can be customized for simulations in different safety-critical domains.