This paper investigates the significant impact of seismic events on critical urban infrastructure components, including bridges, road networks, and water supply systems. Through detailed case studies and rigorous theoretical analysis, it examines the mechanisms of earthquake-induced damage and consequent service disruptions. The study further conducts an in-depth analysis to identify effective mitigation strategies, culminating in a series of targeted recommendations for enhanced seismic design principles. These proposed measures aim to significantly reduce structural damage, minimize functional losses, and enhance the overall resilience of urban infrastructure against earthquakes.
Yang et al. (Tue,) studied this question.