August 15, 2025Frontiers in NeurologyOpen Access

Editorial: Neurocognitive dysfunction in people living with HIV and the underlying brain mechanisms

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Editorial discusses neurocognitive dysfunction in HIV patients, highlighting HAND and its underlying mechanisms.

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders affect 30% to 50% of those living with HIV, indicating a significant clinical challenge.
Neuronal injury continues in people with HIV despite effective treatment, driven by immune dysregulation and neurotoxic factors.
Combination antiretroviral therapy has improved life expectancy, yet it does not fully prevent neurocognitive impairment.
The lesser forms of HAND may present without severe symptoms but can signify early neurodegenerative processes, warranting attention.

Wang et al. (2025) studied this question.

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