In silico docking yields small molecule compounds targeting the core of Frizzled 7 as negative allosteric modulators

Abstract Targeting the Frizzled family (FZD1-10) of WNT receptors pharmacologically has, despite substantial therapeutic potential, proven difficult. Given an almost complete lack of validated, effective small molecules targeting FZDs no putative ligand binding site has so far been identified. In order to target FZD7, a potential target for the treatment of intestinal tumors, we combined an approach of adapted docking setups and large molecular library docking screens identifying compound C407. Applying pharmacological assays, genetically-encoded biosensors, site-directed mutagenesis, cryo-electron microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations the compound binding site in the core of the seven transmembrane bundle was validated and C407 was confirmed as a negative allosteric modulator of WNT-induced and FZD-mediated WNT/beta-catenin signaling. In summary, we provide here the proof-of-principle that targeting FZDs with small molecule compounds is possible and effective. Future hit optimization and functional validation in disease-relevant in vitro and in vivo models will pave the way towards clinical exploration.