Application of Passive Design in Urban Buildings under Hot Climatic Conditions in China: A Case Study in Hong Kong

This paper studies the application of passive design strategies in urban buildings in the hot and humid subtropical climate of Hong Kong. Driven by increasing energy demand and environmental concerns, the study explores the potential of passive design to reduce reliance on mechanical cooling systems and improve occupant comfort. The research is particularly relevant in the context of Hong Kong’s unique urban challenges, such as limited land availability, high population density, and a heavy reliance on air conditioning, which collectively contribute to significant energy consumption and urban heat island effects. The study focuses on key passive design elements including building orientation, window-to-wall ratio and glazing material, shading strategies, natural ventilation and building materials. Through a combination of simulation-based analysis and case studies, the paper demonstrates how these strategies can be effectively integrated into building designs to optimize thermal performance and energy efficiency. The analysis considers the limitations of passive design in Hong Kong's high-density urban environment, while also highlighting the potential for future advances through future-oriented climate projections for the future and policy support, ultimately aiming to achieve a more sustainable and energy-efficient built environment.