Effects of brief mindfulness meditation on compassion and personal distress using the socio-affective video task

Recent findings indicate that meditation may enhance compassion and foster prosocial actions aimed at helping others. In the present preregistered research, we aimed to test hypotheses regarding the positive impact of a single short, guided mindfulness meditation on compassionate and personal distress responses, measured with the Socio-affective Video Task (SoVT), and the possible mechanisms of this effect. We hypothesized that individuals in the mindfulness group, compared to the active control group, would exhibit higher levels of compassion and reduced personal distress while viewing videos of people in distress. We also proposed that decentration and self-compassion would mediate this effect. Eighty individuals, novice to meditation, were randomly assigned to either the experimental (meditation) or control condition groups. We did not find a significant overall group effect on the presented videos. However, we demonstrated a serial partial mediation process, in which mindfulness state—measured through manipulation check questions assessing attention focused on breathing and awareness of bodily sensations—serves as the first mediator, and decentration as the second, mediating the relationship between group and SoVT measures. These findings suggest that even brief mindfulness meditation can enhance compassionate/empathic responses through increased mindfulness precursors and improved decentration abilities. More studies with longitudinal or experimental designs are needed to better understand the causal relationship between mindfulness meditation and compassionate responses.