Development of highly productive technological schemes for the use of agrodrones for plant protection

In agricultural production, to obtain high yields, reliable protection of cultivated plants is necessary, the crops of which are affected by various harmful organisms. The most effective in combating pests of agricultural plants is the chemical method, which, when successfully applied, provides high cost-effectiveness. To reduce the toxic impact on cultivated plants and the environment, the use of agricultural drone is promising due to their advantages over mobile ground sprayers. Agricultural drone do not compact the soil, do not damage agricultural crops, are extremely maneuverable, can work on fields of various configurations, are able to spray immediately after precipitation, can carry out local or point spraying, and provide accurate dosing of chemicals. They are characterized by high productivity and lower energy consumption. The implementation of the technological process by an agricultural drone was analyzed without taking into account the size of the field, the sown crop, the relief of the field, the type of agricultural drone, etc. As a result, the active, i.e. useful work performed by the drone, namely the technological process of spraying the drug, has been clearly delimited. The auxiliary actions necessary for the implementation of the technological process of spraying have been established: replacement (charging) of batteries, filling the tank with chemical liquid, take-off and landing, approach to the field boundary, U-turns when switching to another processing lane. A universal method for calculating the effective productivity of agricultural drones during the cultivation of agricultural crops has been proposed, which involves the analysis of each component of the technological process of applying pesticides by agricultural drones. Technological schemes have been proposed that provide a partial reduction in unproductive operations, increasing the productivity of agricultural drones, provided that the material support for the implementation of the technological process increases for each subsequent technological scheme. The use of agricultural drones-sprayers provides high productivity, which makes it possible to process crops in a short time, protecting them from diseases, pests and weeds.