The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Public Policy of the EU

The article explores the advantages of using artificial intelligence in public policy and public governance, emphasizing its potential to automate routine processes, support data-driven decisionmaking, and enhance the efficiency of service delivery to citizens. It highlights the challenges associated with ensuring data security, safeguarding privacy, avoiding biases in algorithms, and maintaining control over automated processes. The paper argues that the implementation of AI in public administration opens up new opportunities for the evaluation and monitoring of policy effectiveness, and contributes to more evidence-based and efficient governance. These developments necessitate the introduction of ethical and legal oversight mechanisms, particularly to sustain public trust.In this context, the European approach to AI development, presented by the European Commission, is of particular importance. This approach has laid the conceptual foundation for a regulatory framework that ensures the safe, ethical, and human-centered use of AI within the European Union. The EU Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act) stands as the world’s first comprehensive legislative initiative to regulate AI in socially significant domains, including public administration. Accordingly, the article outlines the EU’s experience with AI deployment in the public sector, paying special attention to the role of the AI@EC digital strategy, which is aimed at enhancing the efficiency, transparency, accessibility, and innovation of the European Commission’s activities. It also examines the introduction of the GPT@EC tool, designed to integrate advanced language models into the work of European institutions.While analyzing both national and EU-wide initiatives, the article underscores the benefits of AI in transforming public administration. AI significantly expands the potential for evaluating policy effectiveness, monitoring governance processes, and improving the quality of public services. However, the study also notes several challenges accompanying AI implementation, including risks to privacy, limited algorithmic transparency, potential biases in automated decisions, gaps in digital skills, and the need to maintain societal trust. The European Union addresses these concerns through a set of comprehensive measures, including regulatory and ethical frameworks, institutional oversight mechanisms, transparency requirements for AI systems, and the inclusion of the public in their deployment. These efforts contribute to the development of a model of public administration based on the responsible and effective use of AI in the public interest — a model that, if adapted to the national context, could be adopted by Ukraine.