Bridging the Gap and Fighting Infection: Innovative Biomaterials in the Battle Against Osteomyelitis

Aim of the Study: This review investigates the use of antibiotic-loaded biomaterials in the treatment of osteomyelitis, with a focus on preclinical studies involving rat models. These models are widely used to assess local drug delivery, antibacterial effectiveness, and bone regeneration. Materials and Methods: A literature search was conducted to identify in vivo studies from the past decade using rat models of osteomyelitis treated with antibiotic-loaded biomaterials. Studies were analyzed based on biomaterial types, infection models, assessment methods, and treatment outcomes.Results: Rat models provide a reliable platform for evaluating the antimicrobial and regenerative effects of biomaterials. Materials such as calcium sulfate and mesoporous glass demonstrated promising results in localized antibiotic delivery and bone healing. Conclusions: Antibiotic-loaded biomaterials show strong potential in osteomyelitis management. Rat models play a key role in their development and preclinical validation. Further research should focus on multifunctional scaffolds and standardized testing protocols to improve clinical translation.