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This is a In Vitro Study study (also classified as: Observational).

Plasma-water interaction: electric surface potential and discharge dynamics at the interface

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Experimental analysis reveals electric potential dynamics in plasma-liquid interfaces, suggesting novel applications.

Surface potential increases with higher voltage amplitude, frequency, and pulse width, indicating significant effects on conductivity.
Uniform potentials observed on floating liquids suggest high conductivity in the interfacial layer, while grounded configurations show efficient charge dissipation to zero.
Analysis conducted using helium AC kHz plasma jets and NaCl solutions in dielectric barrier discharge geometries.
The study identifies a unique surface discharge contributing to neutralization of surface charges during voltage pulse falls.

Schalk et al. (2025) studied this question.

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