Design and Optimization of Polarization-Maintaining Low-Loss Hollow-Core Anti-Resonant Fibers Based on a Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm

In this work, a novel polarization-maintaining hollow-core fiber structure featuring a semi-circular nested dual-ring geometry is proposed. To simultaneously optimize two inherently conflicting performance metrics, namely, birefringence and confinement loss, a multi objective genetic algorithm is employed for geometric parameter tuning, resulting in a set of Pareto-optimal solutions. At the target wavelength of 1550 nm, the first optimal design achieves birefringence exceeding 1×10−4 over a 1275 nm bandwidth while maintaining confinement loss around 100 dB/m; the second design maintains birefringence above 1×10−4 across a 1000 nm spectral range, with confinement loss on the order of 10−1 dB/m. These optimized designs offer a promising approach for improving the performance of polarization-sensitive applications such as interferometric sensing and high coherence laser systems. The results confirm the suitability of multi-objective genetic algorithms for integrated multi-objective fiber optimization and provide a new strategy for designing low-loss and high-birefringence fiber devices.