Distribution, Epidemiology, Economic Importance and Management of Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J E SMITH) on Maize Production in Ethiopia

Since its first detection in 2017, the Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith) has become one of the most damaging pests threatening Ethiopian maize output. This invasive pest presents considerable issues due to its quick spread, strong reproductive capacity, and adaptation to a variety of agroecological zones. The current study summarizes research findings from 2019 to 2025 on FAW distribution, epidemiology, economic impact, and management techniques in Ethiopia. FAW is currently found in all major maize-growing regions, with infection rates affected by climatic factors, cropping patterns, and agroecological conditions. Economically, FAW produces yield losses ranging from 20% to over 70%, with serious consequences for smallholder farmers' livelihoods and national food security. Cultural practices (early planting, crop rotation, intercropping), mechanical control (handpicking, trapping), biological control (parasites, predators), botanical insecticides (neem extracts), entomopathogens (fungal and bacterial agents), host plant resistance (the development of tolerant maize varieties), and chemical control (insecticide application) have all been investigated and implemented. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) techniques that combine these strategies have shown the greatest potential for long-term control. However, difficulties such as low farmer awareness, insufficient extension services, pesticide resistance, and a lack of bio-pesticide infrastructure impede effective management efforts. This analysis emphasizes the importance of increased research, farmer training, policy assistance, and multi-stakeholder collaboration in order to improve FAW control and safeguard Ethiopia's maize output. Adoption of IPM adapted to local contexts remains crucial for minimizing FAW consequences and preserving agricultural resilience in the face of this ongoing threat.