Worldwide Distribution and Management of Fall Armyworm: A Review

The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), a significant global agricultural pest, poses a substantial threat to maize and other crops, leading to drastic yield losses. Initially identified in Africa, it has since invaded several regions, including sub-Saharan Africa and Asia, impacting many plant species. This research outlines the pest’s biology, including its two strains with distinct host preferences, and mechanisms of damage to maize, which can result in yield reduction of up to 73%. Effective management strategies are critical to mitigate its impact. Cultural practices, biological controls, and targeted chemical interventions are evaluated for their efficacy in managing FAW populations. The integration of these strategies, particularly the use of environmentally friendly biological control agents and cultural practices, is emphasized as a sustainable approach. This review paper also highlights the importance of early detection and intervention, as well as the significant role of local and botanical remedies in pest management. The findings underscore the urgent need for adaptive management practices to protect global food security from the threats posed by the fall armyworm.