Refusal of Medical Care Among Adults Who Experienced a Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) in Childhood

Voiding cystourethrograms (VCUGs) are widely used to diagnose vesicoureteral reflux in children, yet their psychological risks remain underexamined. This exploratory survey study analyzed responses from 334 U.S. adults, of whom 61% reported undergoing a VCUG in childhood. Adults with a history of VCUG were significantly more likely to refuse gynecological care (15% vs. 2%), pap smears (20% vs. 1%), and urological care (11% vs. 5%) compared to those without VCUG history, while no difference was observed in refusal of general physician visits. These findings suggest that VCUG exposure in childhood may contribute to long-term trauma-like responses and avoidance of essential healthcare, underscoring the need for further research to evaluate risks, refine diagnostic practices, and mitigate potential harms.