Refugees as a distinct diversity dimension: workplace experiences and inclusion of Ukrainian refugees in Polish organizations

Purpose This paper explores the refugee experience as a distinct dimension of workplace diversity. Focusing on Ukrainian refugees in Poland following the 2022 Russian invasion, the study examines their workplace experiences, challenges and contributions, aiming to fill a gap in diversity and inclusion literature by treating refugee status as a unique category beyond general migrant or ethnic classifications. Design/methodology/approach The research employs a qualitative, single-case study approach within a Polish subsidiary of a multinational food production company. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with refugee employees, their managers and HR representatives, as well as internal company documents and secondary sources. Findings The findings reveal that the psychological state of refugees, shaped by their lived experiences, critically impacts their competencies, work perception, motives and behaviour. The study presents a theoretical framework linking refugees’ psychological state, mutual expectations between employee and employer, and workplace inclusion, highlighting the need for tailored diversity management strategies. Originality/value This paper contributes to diversity and inclusion literature by framing refugee experience as a distinct diversity dimension. It provides theoretical and practical insights into how organizations can better support refugee inclusion through tailored HR and diversity strategies. The study advances diversity management discourse by highlighting the intersectional, situational and psychological aspects unique to refugee employees.