Block Printing in Transition: Economic Viability and Artisan Livelihoods in Sanganer, Rajasthan

Block printing is a method of printing images and patterns on textiles, fabric and paper using hand carved wooden blocks which originate from East Asia. The art form has flourished particularly in the state of Rajasthan in India, and is renowned for being home to various communities that have been practising the art for the last 500 years. With developing technology and the onset of machine printing methods this paper aims to analyse the economic transformation and long term viability of block printing alongside the impact on the livelihood of artisans and market dynamics concerning the growing competition. Using a mixed method approach of secondary data, interviews with artisans and questionnaires, the paper explores the extent to which high production costs of block printing, small manufacturing volume and a trend of underpaying labourers can affect the future of this art. It highlights the increasing reliance of the handicraft industry on exclusivity and customisation to retain niche market demand. While identifying constraints in current policies, government efforts and training activities, the paper determines the current socio-economic status of traditional block printers in Sanganer, Rajasthan, and what strategies can enhance their earnings and sustain the craft amid rising competition and evolving market dynamics.