Hair and Nail Lead Concentrations in Leather-Industry Workers Compared with Community Controls: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Cross-sectional study shows elevated lead in hair and nails of leather workers, indicating chronic exposure in Pakistan.

Leather-industry workers had significantly higher lead concentrations in hair and nails compared to controls, suggesting chronic exposure.
Hair lead levels were measured at 0.3300 µg/g for workers versus −0.0462 µg/g for controls, with significant p-values below 0.01.
Analysis utilized inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry for precise quantification of lead in biological samples.
Findings underscore the need for better protective measures and routine biomonitoring in the leather industry to safeguard health.

Tahir et al. (2025) studied this question.

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