Emission reduction potential of green hydrogen in heavy-duty transport sector of Nepal

The transport sector in Nepal, heavily reliant on petroleum-based fuels, significantly contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and economic vulnerability due to fuel imports. This study evaluates the potential of green hydrogen as a sustainable fuel alternative by utilizing Nepal’s seasonal surplus hydroelectricity. Utilizing energy planning tools, future electricity generation and transport energy demand were projected to assess the feasibility of hydrogen production and its integration into the heavy-duty vehicles. The findings indicate that hydrogen production varies across different surplus electricity utilization scenarios, with the potential to exceed 1 million tonnes by 2050 under optimal conditions. The integration of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles could significantly reduce emissions, with GHG reductions ranging from 53% to neartotal decarbonization, depending on the scenario. The study highlights hydrogen’s role in enhancing energy security, reducing the usage of fossil fuels, and contributing to Nepal’s netzero emissions target. Strategic policy support, infrastructure development, and investment in hydrogen production and distribution are essential for realizing these benefits.