Expert opinion on handcycling classification: A Delphi study based on scientific evidence

Objective A Paralympic sport classification system aims to minimize the impact of the athlete’s impairment on performance, thus contributing to a fair competition. The aim of this study was to investigate consensus among an expert panel regarding statements on recent scientific findings and their implications for handcycling classification. Design Three rounds of online questionnaires were sent to an international panel (n = 53) consisting of para-cyclists, para-cycling coaches and team managers, classifiers, and researchers within para-sport or Paralympic classification. The second and third questionnaire rounds were based on insights gathered from the previous round. Results Consensus was reached on the inclusion of upper-limb function, shoulder function, and lower-limb function in the classification assessment of athletes competing in recumbent handcycling positions. In contrast, topics related to the role of trunk function, hand function, and equipment settings did not achieve consensus within the panel. Conclusion The future of handcycling classification requires consideration of these recent findings and consensus. Nevertheless, to continuously develop its system toward an evidence-based classification, the handcycling sport should further research the remaining questions and controversial topics to rely less on subjective decisions.