A new method enhances overtopping rate calculations along sea walls, addressing limitations of existing empirical formulas.
A new procedure is developed to estimate overtopping rate of waves along a sea wall with various alignments and armourings using the measured data from the 3D hydraulic model experiment. This method estimates first the average overtopping rate using the relationship between the overtopping rates, one measured from the hydraulic experiment and the other calculated using the conventional empirical formula. Then, the averaged overtopping rate is multiplied to the dimensionless overtopping rate for each measurement point along the sea wall. This method can accurately produce the overtopping rate distribution along the whole range of sea wall even for the new design waves other than the wave conditions used in the hydraulic experiments. Because this new method is based on the measured data from the 3D hydraulic experiments with real topography and bathymetry, this new method can overcome the limitations (wave diffraction for example) inherent in the conventional empirical formulas including the EurOtop.
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Jho et al. (2025) studied this question.
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