Here we examine the crucial role of the immune system in aging, with a particular focus on two interconnected processes: immunosenescence and inflammaging, which contribute to age-related decline. Our goal is to provide a thorough overview of the various factors that lead to immune aging while introducing therapeutic approaches that can partially restore immune function. Additionally, we discuss recent strategies that go beyond localized immune improvement to actively modulate immune balance, influencing systemic aging and extending healthspan. Through this exploration, we propose that regulating the immune system is essential for managing immune aging and may serve as a key mechanism for controlling the overall aging process and promoting healthy longevity.
Nguyen et al. (2025) studied this question.